With the escalating incidence of conjunctivitis nationwide, there is a growing sense of impatience and concern among the public. Here, we offer guidance on dealing with conjunctivitis.
Understanding Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as “pink eye,” manifests as redness and swelling of the eyes. Simply put, it is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, a transparent membrane covering the eyeballs and inner eyelids. When the tiny blood vessels within this membrane become irritated and inflamed, they impart a red hue to the eyes.
Causes of Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis can stem from infectious or allergic origins.
Allergic Conjunctivitis: This type often affects individuals with seasonal allergies, triggered by exposure to allergens. Infectious Conjunctivitis: Bacterial: Typically caused by bacteria such as staphylococcal or streptococcal, often spread through poor hygiene or contaminated eye products. Viral: Primarily spread via contagion through sneezing or physical contact. Symptoms Symptoms of conjunctivitis vary depending on the underlying cause. Allergic conjunctivitis may present with clear watery discharge, redness, and itching, ranging from mild to severe. Bacterial conjunctivitis typically exhibits redness accompanied by yellowish-green discharge, while viral conjunctivitis may lead to pain and watery discharge.
Common symptoms across all types include light sensitivity (photophobia), redness, and swollen conjunctiva.
Diagnosis Not all cases of red, irritated, or swollen eyes signify conjunctivitis, as other ocular conditions like blepharitis or seasonal allergies can mimic its symptoms. A thorough eye examination, including a review of symptoms and external eye assessment under bright light and magnification, is necessary for an accurate diagnosis. Supplemental tests such as conjunctival tissue cultures may be conducted to identify causative microorganisms.
Treatment Treatment for conjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause.
Viral Conjunctivitis: Antiviral drops, ointments, or pills may be prescribed for a duration of 4-7 days. Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Treatment typically involves anti-inflammatory ointments applied under the eyelid 3 to 4 times daily, along with antibacterial eye drops. Allergic Conjunctivitis: Relief is achieved by addressing underlying allergies and avoiding allergens. Antihistamines, either oral or in drop form, can alleviate symptoms temporarily. Warm compresses can provide relief by easing discomfort and aiding in the removal of crust from the eyelids. Additionally, artificial tears or eye lubricants may help alleviate itching and burning sensations.
Preventive Measures Adopting preventive measures can help mitigate the spread of conjunctivitis:
Frequent handwashing with soap or hand sanitizer. Using fresh cotton or disposable tissue to clean the eyes, discarding after use. Regularly changing and laundering pillowcases to prevent reinfection. Avoiding the use of contact lenses temporarily, and refraining from sharing lenses with others. Wearing dark goggles to reduce sensitivity to light.